1. Both Human Foetuses and Animals are the Most Vulnerable Both pre-born children and animals are living beings that can or potentially can feel pain and joy. Both are degraded as irrational objects or things to which humans can do whatever they fancy. Both are vulnerable and at the mercy of human adults. Human foetuses may be in an even more disadvantaged position than animals because foetuses are trapped in their mother’s womb and have nowhere else to escape to, whereas ani

Someone commented that it is inappropriate for men to tell women what they should do with their own bodies, lives, and souls. They also objected to linking veganism with abortion, even if they themselves are vegan. From their perspective, men should first take responsibility for building a society in which women, children, and families are genuinely protected — emotionally, financially, legally, and socially — before making moral judgements about abortion. Our response is as

Vegans would question antivegans like Charlie Kirk: How can you morally justify unnecessarily causing pain and death to animals? 1. The Weakest Spot of Kirk’s Antivegan Discourse Theologically, the weakest spot of Charlie Kirk’s antivegan discourse is that he is adamant that because only humans are made in the image of God, only human lives matter, and animal lives do not matter. Only humans, including human foetuses, should have rights; animals are entitled to none. But nowh

Every year, at least 73 million innocent human foetuses are aborted/murdered, and 3 trillion innocent animals are murdered, all by humans. In March this yr, in the U.K., the House of Lords backed legislation to decriminalise abortions up to birth, i.e., it will soon be legal for mothers themselves to kill their unborn child at any moment they wish up to full term. Donald Watson, who coined the term "vegan" in 1944, originally defined it as "non-dairy vegetarian". Over time, h

Pope Francis encouraged people to eat less meat for the sake of the planet. E.g, the Vatican’s 2021 “Laudato Si’ Action Platform” encouraged more sustainable diets and reduced environmental impact; and during COP26, Pope Francis urged changes in “lifestyles” and “consumption patterns” to protect creation. That is a step forward. But the deeper question remains: what about compassion for the innocent animals themselves? The lamb, the calf, the piglet are not merely “environmen

“Blessed are the meek: for they shall inherit the earth” (Matt. 5:5), Jesus teaches. Meek means humble. Jesus describes Himself as “gentle and humble in heart” (Matt 1:29). Moses is also described as “very humble, more so than anyone else on the face of the earth” (Num 12:3). If we are humble, we will not be so humanocentric as to think that only we are made in God’s image (Genesis 1:27) and therefore all other creatures are made for us to (ab)use. If we are humble, we will n

Blessed are those who are persecuted for righteousness’ sake, For theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Blessed are you when they revile and persecute you, and say all kinds of evil against you falsely for My sake. Rejoice and be exceedingly glad, for great is your reward in heaven, for so they persecuted the prophets who were before you. (Matthew 5:10-12) When those who defend the innocent are fined, imprisoned, or silenced, they embody the very Beatitude spoken by Christ: “Bless

Many a cow weeps when she ends up in a slaughterhouse. She is mourning her own imminent death. Her tears embody the mourning that Jesus blesses. They are not symbolic but real—an expression of grief, terror, and loss in a place of blood and death. When Jesus declared, “Blessed are they that mourn, for they shall be comforted” (Matt 5:4), he spoke not only of human sorrow but of the universal mourning that runs through all creation subjected to violence. To mourn is to feel th

Introduction: In Luke 13:1-9, Jesus warns murderers of animals that unless they repent, they will perish like the Galileans whose blood Pilate has mixed with their sacrifices, or they will be cut down by God just like a fig tree which fails to bear fruits. The following is inspired by Pastor Frank Kaufman’s 2019/03/24 sermon, “Animal Exploitation Needs Repentance”:- Jesus teaches about the necessity of repentance from a unique angle, emphasizing that true repentance leads to

“Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven” (Matthew 5:3; Luke 6:20) has two layers of meaning. First, Jesus is blessing the Ebionites (πτωχοί, ebionim/poor), the earliest vegan followers of Him. Second, disconnected from God, we can achieve very little. 1. “The poor”=Ebionim=Ebionite Concerning the first layer of meaning, the “poor” whom Jesus blesses (πτωχοί) are best understood not merely as the economically deprived, but as the ’ebionim (אביונים)

“Do you have eyes but fail to see?” (Mark 8:18), questions Jesus. “The eye is the lamp of the body. If your eyes are healthy, your whole body will be full of light” (Matt 6:22), Jesus reassures us. He’s hereby urging us to see through distortions, delusions and illusions by “the true light” (John 1:9). 1. The World is An Illusion Projected by the Kingdom Within Jesus makes it clear that “I am not of this world” (John 8:23); that “whoever wants to be my disciple must deny the

Summary: In Genesis, upon consuming the forbidden "fruit" (Gen 3:6) from "the tree of the knowledge of good and evil" (Gen 2:9), “which is in the midst of the garden” (Gen 3:3 KJV), Adam and Eve were deported from the Garden of Eden and they went from immortal to mortal. By examining the Hebrew original of the words concerned and their context, this article, inspired by Jeff Popick (2007) and Jane Erwin (2010), argues that the forbidden fruit of Eden is meat; that the origin

My dear brothers and sisters… Welcome back. Today, I invite you to slow down…just for a moment… Take a deep breath with me… (inhale)…and exhale. Let go of control… just for this moment. Today, we are reflecting on a sacred truth: Miracles do not happen when we force life…they happen when we surrender to God. 1. The Illusion of Control So many of us… are trying to control everything. We want to control outcomes…people…timing… Even God’s plan. But Jesus Christ teaches us somet

In the language of the Septuagint, the term holokauston (ὁλόκαυστον) denotes the “whole burnt offering,” translating the Hebrew ʿōlāh (עֹלָה), a sacrifice in which the victim is entirely consumed upon the altar.¹ Such offerings, prescribed in the ancient Temple cult, required the total destruction of innocent life in the name of devotion. Yet the Christ whom we encounter here does not perpetuate this system. In liberating the animals from the Temple, and in calling the...

In part I, we have seen that there are absolutist vegan pacifists who insist that any militant action against tyranny is condemnable on the ground that innocent animals will inevitably be killed. This stance, however, ignores the much greater and more prolonged suffering that tyrannical systems impose upon the whole created order. 1. Just Wars vs. Unjust Wars Recently, Pope Leo XIV has strongly criticised the bombing of Iran by the US and Israel, framing it in moral and theol

One of the most serious ethical questions confronting Vegan Theology today is whether the presence of innocent animal casualties in human conflicts means that all forms of resistance to tyranny, oppression, and anti-human regimes must be rejected outright. Some advocates of radical non-violence, especially from a strict atheistic vegan pacifist perspective, argue that because war, military intervention, and even targeted resistance inevitably cause the deaths of birds, small

“ Blessed are the peacemakers: for they shall be called the children of God,” says Jesus ( Matthew 5:9 ). 1. We Are Not Peacemakers to Animals Toward animals, we are not agents of peace. We aren’t even fair opponents—since the term “warrior” implies some degree of justice, parity, or honour. Rather, we act as oppressors—despots, tyrants, dictators. The way we treat animals is fundamentally violent. We strip them of their God-given right to live in accordance with their natu

The top-left inset within the larger image of Jesus and Mary Magdalene is a capscreen from an advertisement reel by KFC Spain on X (Twitter), grotesquely depicting beheaded carcasses of fried chickens dancing for human amusement. From a Vegan Theology perspective, this is profoundly disturbing. The violated bodies of God’s sentient creatures are here transformed into commercial entertainment, mockery, and spectacle. As animal rights advocate Tash Peterson rightly observed in

Executive Summary: The original Eucharist was a vegan thanksgiving Messianic Banquet, subsequently transformed into a bizarre, abstruse, cannibalistic cult by Paul (cf. Tabor 2012, pp. 14-15, 44-47, 148-151). Luke juxtaposes the Messianic feast (Luke 22:15-18) with the cannibalistic cult (Luke 22:19-21) in his own account of the last supper, making one wonder whether Jesus will drink His own blood with the disciples in the future Kingdom of God. That Jesus regards the Last

Melchizedek, King of Salem (peace), priest of God Most High, without beginning or end, blessed Abraham with a vegan meal of bread and wine (Gen 14:18-20). Melchizedek is never mentioned again until Psalm 110:4, where God says, "The LORD has sworn and will not change his mind: You are a priest forever, in the order of Melchizedek." Melchizedek is regarded by many ancient and modern theologians, e.g., Origen, Justin Martyr, and Irenaeus, as a prefiguration of Christ. Because he